Wii factory process
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This article presents known information concerning the factory process of the Nintendo Wii.
Please note that our information on this topic is limited. It is mostly based on information from old HackMii articles, assumptions, uid.sys dumps, and the few pieces of the process (RVL_DIAG, RVL_UJI_DIAG, & Data Check & Log Check) that have leaked publicly. Since most pieces of this process are not publicly available, we can only piece together how the entire process works from the information which is available, so this may not be a perfect description of the process.
Basic Overview
- During initial programming of the NAND chip, unknown versions of boot1 and boot2 are flashed to NAND provisionally, along with an unknown (likely NDEV) System Menu and a corresponding IOS version.
- Setup begins by inserting a disc with the game ID of "123J". This disc most likely generates the console-unique NAND keys and other console-unique data, and writes them to the OTP chip along with encrypting the NAND with said keys. It may also update boot1, since this can only be done before the NAND keys are written to OTP.
- Another disc is ran. This disc is known as "0000dead" or "DE AD" in hex as it appears in uid.sys. This disc's TMD content index matches that of RVL_DIAG as dumped from an RVT-H Reader; while the development version of RVL_DIAG uses the IDs "100J" and "0000", it is likely to be the same as the retail 0000dead disc. This disc runs a variety of stress tests known as "aging tests" on the system, and registers the system's serial number over a Waikiki using PC software.
- Another disc known as RVL_UJI_DIAG (or 121J) is inserted. It is unknown what role this disc serves during the manufacturing process exactly, as the publicly available version sourced from an RVT-H Reader is similar to the aforementioned 100J, but with a few more test programs and newer software. 121J includes programs which perform tests on the system and write the results to testlog.txt in addition to checking this file, so it can be assumed that it is at this phase of the setup process where these tests are executed.
- Then, Data Check & Log Check (aka 0002) is installed to NAND via "DataChk.wad". This program checks the logs written by RVL_UJI_DIAG, as well as other test data, to ensure that the testing process was successful.
- 122E is then ran, an update partition-only disc which installs the base set of software (retail System Menu, channels, IOS, etc.) before the Wii is shipped.
- Some LU64+ Wiis have a disc ID of "0003" in their uid.sys as well. It's currently unknown what it does, but it is generally found immediately after 122E and right before any signs of retail usage (typically seen as the 00010000-00555045 of a disc's UPDATE partition.)
Preloading
Every Wii is preloaded at the hardware level with a couple pieces of software; these are already present on the Wii and will run when the Wii is powered on at the factory. The first of these pieces of software is boot0, the first piece of code ran on the Wii after power-on (which will stay the same from when it is physically programmed onto the chip to after factory setup, since it cannot physically be modified), which will check the Wii's OTP (one-time programmable) memory chip, and seeing that it is blank (as it is written to later in the process, using up its one opportunity to program it), determines that it is in the factory and continues with boot by loading boot1 from the NAND; after factory setup, there are keys present within this area, which boot0 uses to verify your copy of boot1, but during first factory boot this is neither possible nor needed, so boot0 skips it. Next, boot1 loads from the NAND. Boot1 works as usual by verifying the signature of the boot2 on the NAND, then loading it; this process is identical as long as the console has a properly signed boot2, so there's no special factory behavior that boot1 has here.
Next, boot2 loads; the version of boot2 installed on a Wii once it comes out of the factory can only handle an encrypted NAND filesystem; the problem with that in the factory is that at this point the OTP has not been programmed, and since the OTP contains the console-unique NAND keys, it is impossible to have the NAND encrypted at this point. As such, the NAND is unencrypted, which the production version of boot2 cannot handle; presumably, a special factory version of boot2 (possibly boot2v0) is programmed on Wiis at this point, which can boot from unencrypted NAND filesystems and as such will continue boot as normal. The next thing to be loaded is the System Menu. While it isn't clear what exactly this System Menu is, it is most likely a version of the NDEV Menu. It's unknown what version of the NDEV menu is used or what IOS is associated with it; it is possible that this changed over the Wii's lifespan with updates to the menu and its associated IOS.
Setup
At this point, a disc would be inserted to begin the process of setting up the system. While this disc presumably has an official name which is currently unknown, it will be referred to as "123J", as 123J is the GameID of the disc (as evidenced by its presence in the uid.sys logs of all Wiis, as well as other NAND remnants). This disc most likely runs on IOS4 or IOS9 (it is possible that this changed over the Wii's lifecycle as well with updates to the disc), and, as far as we are aware, serves one main purpose; writing to the OTP chip and encrypting the NAND filesystem. However, there is one other possible task that 123J may have performed, which is updating boot1. As Nintendo issued various updates to boot1 throughout the Wii's lifecycle (most infamously the update that fixed the trucha bug within it, aka disabling bootmii/boot2 on newer Wiis), the most logical way to issue these updates would be by implementing a function to update boot1 within 123J before writing to the OTP area (since the OTP area contains the hash of boot1, if you want to update boot1, you have to update it before writing the hash). Nintendo also could have simply updated the boot1 version in their pre-prepared set of files programmed onto the system physically before it even hits the factory stations, although doing this through 123J seems more logical.
After writing data to the OTP (therefore locking boot1, and setting all of the sysem's console-unique encryption keys), 123J encrypts the console's NAND filesystem using the newly generated NAND keys; these are the very same keys you get in your keys.bin file along with a BootMii dump, which are needed to decrypt the NAND. Next, a disc known as 100J, also titled 0000dead and RVL_DIAG is inserted. This disc contains several test programs which could be used to verify the Wii's hardware as part of a quality control process. However, it is unknown what purpose this disc serves exactly during the retail Wii manufacturing process, as the RVL_UJI_DIAG (121J) disc which runs next has almost all of the same content as 100J, with a few extra programs and more recent software revisions. As the publicly available copies of both of these discs were dumped from RVT-H Reader units, it could be that the manufacturing & testing process for development kits differs from that of retail units, and as such, this ID could represent a completely different disc during the retail manufacturing process.
The next disc inserted is the aforementioned RVL_UJI_DIAG, with GameID 121J. The copy of this disc obtained from an RVT-H Reader includes several testing programs which could be used to ensure the integrity of a unit's hardware, as well as programs that run pre-defined tests, the results of which are then written to testlog.txt. It also contains serNoReg, the program which registers the console's serial number using a mentioned but unseen piece of PC software. The retail version of 121J appears to include an additional step not present in the RVT-H version, as it installs a WAD titled 'DataChk.wad' to the NAND via a second partition with the ID '0002'. While this title is normally deleted from NAND after it is used, it is left behind on some Wiis for unknown reasons, and as such it has been obtained publicly and its behavior is detailed below.
Data Check and Log Check's role
See also: Data Check and Log Check
This disc and accompanying WAD file are known as "0002", but the in-program name is "DATA CHECK & LOG CHECK". There are two known versions of this file, both dumped from separate Wiis; 1.5.0 and 1.5.1.
0002's exact purpose is unknown; it appears to verify the results of 121J by checking files on NAND as well as files from an SD card, in particular all.ini. all.ini is a list of tests near-identical to that which is present in 121J under the filename "master.dat"; it is unknown why 0002 requests this file, or why it was copied to NAND and therefore able to be retrieved from a retail Wii system.
122E
The final step is to install the System Menu, IOSes, and channels. This process is akin to a standard disc update, where a disc is inserted, the contents of it are read, and WAD files are installed from those contents. The disc that handles this is known as 122E. This disc appears to simply be an update partition, as the main.dol file which it leaves behind in the cache.dat of a system after it is inserted is a non-functional DOL file similar to those which are found in the update partitions of retail Wii discs. It can be presumed that Nintendo may have pressed several versions of this disc to keep the Wii's preinstalled software updated throughout its production run; however, none have been found publicly, nor is it known what the actual name or appearance of the disc is.
Once 122E has finished installing the base set of titles, the system's initial manufacturing & testing process is complete, and on the next boot the system will be running the retail Wii Menu on the initial setup screen.
